communities 2 populations Agricultural pollution 1 Agro ecosystems 1 Birth, Death , Movement 1 Climate change 1 Disease 1 Evolution ecology 1 Global climatology 1 Grazing 1 Leaves and plants 1 Mining 1 Nuclear radiation 1 Predation 1 Quarrying 1 Restoration ecolgy 1 Soils 1 Surface climates 1 Surface energy fluxes 1 Urban ecosystems 1 Vegetation dynamics 1 applied issues in ecology 1 conservation 1 threats 1