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Genes and DNA : A Beginner's Guide to Genetics and its Applications
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| Outros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Printed Book |
| Publicado em: |
New Delhi
Overseas Press (India) Private Limited
2006
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| Assuntos: |
Sumário:
- Acknowledgments
- List of contributors
- Preface : Why is genetics important?
- ch. 1. What are genes?
- DNA
- DNA can be specifically stained and observed in cells
- DNA determines genetic properties in bacteria
- DNA is a double helix
- Transfer of genetic information to progeny
- DNA can be replicated in the test tube
- Summary
- Try this at home : extract DNA from vegetables in your kitchen
- Box 1.1 : PCR and identification
- ch. 2. Inheritance of single-gene traits
- Plants are good organisms for the study of inheritance
- Genes do not blend
- Rules of inheritance
- Behavior of chromosomes
- The Punnett square
- Incomplete dominance
- Sex is also determined by inheritance rules
- Summary
- ch. 3. Mendelian traits in humans
- Blood types
- Sex-linked traits : hemophilia
- Sex-linked traits : color blindness
- Prostate and breast cancer
- Genetic metabolic diseases
- Sickle-cell anemia
- Hemochromatosis
- Another sex-influenced trait : male pattern baldness
- Dominant genetic diseases
- Pedigree analysis
- Summary
- Try this at home : pedigree game
- Box 3.1 : Warning on diet products. ch. 4. From genes to phenotype
- Transcription
- Translation
- Changes in DNA modify the amino acid sequences of proteins
- Gene regulation
- Summary
- Try this at home : DNA replication, transcription, and translation game
- Box 4.1 : Why people are saving their babies' cord blood
- ch. 5. Using bacteria as protein factories
- Tools for manufacturing proteins
- Using restriction enzymes and plasmids to clone a gene
- Producing human proteins in E. coli
- Medically important human proteins made in E. coli
- Summary
- ch. 6. Genetically modified plants
- What are genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
- Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer
- Biolistics
- Genetic modifications
- Genetically modified nonfood plants
- Ecological issues
- Labeling issues and food safety
- Summary
- Box 6.1 : Detecting foreign genes in genetically modified plants
- ch. 7. When things go wrong
- Errors in chromosome number
- Multiple sets of chromosomes
- Looking at our chromosomes
- Changes in the DNA base sequence
- Triplet repeat errors
- Summary. ch. 8. Mutagens, teratogens, and human reproduction
- Spontaneous mutations
- Mutagens
- How do we detect mutagens?
- Teratogens
- Human reproduction
- Summary
- Box 8.1 : Why there were few thalidomide-caused birth defects in the United States
- ch. 9. Linkage and mapping : gene discovery
- There are many genes on each chromosome
- Independent assortment of genes
- Linkage
- Recombination
- Linkage to a DNA marker
- The human genome project and others
- Discovering disease genes in humans
- Summary
- Try this at home : independent assortment of chromosomes and the making of a unique individual
- Try this at home : Explore genetics databases
- Box 9.1 : Identifying disease genes using restriction fragment length polymorphism
- Box 9.2 : Identifying a disease-resistance gene in barley through map-based cloning. ch. 10. Genetics of populations and genetic testing
- Why don't we observe 3 to 1 rations of dominant versus recessive traits in populations?
- Predicting the genotype of the next generation using the Punnett square
- Conditions for observing constant gene and genotype frequencies
- Another application of the Hardy-Weinberg law
- Predicting gene frequency for a recessive trait
- Gene frequencies vary in different populations
- Newborn testing and conditional probability
- Predicting genotype frequency for sex-linked traits
- Summary
- ch. 11. Survival of the fittest?
- What is meant by fitness?
- Selection requires variation
- Selection can result in reduced genetic diversity
- Natural selection determined skin color in humans
- Fitness depends upon the environment
- Selection and antibiotic-resistant bacteria
- Heterozygous advantage
- Why do dominant genetic diseases exist?
- Small populations
- Summary
- Box 11.1 : DNA sequences provide clues to human evolution : the founder effect in prehistoric Africa
- Try this at home : Demonstrations of the effects of small population size. ch. 12. Nature versus nurture
- Polygenic traits are addictive
- Polygenic traits exhibit continuous variation in phenotype
- Polygenic traits are influenced by the environment
- Measuring variance in traits and estimating heritability
- Twin studies are helpful in studying polygenic traits in humans
- Quantitative traits in medicine and agriculture
- Summary
- ch. 13. Genetically modified animals and the applications of gene technology for humans
- Cloing animals by the nuclear-transfer technique
- Genetically modifying animals using embryonic stem cells
- Uses of genetically modified animals
- Human gene therapy
- Human reproductive cloning
- Human therapeutic cloning
- Summary
- Appendix A : Internet resources
- Appendix B : Glossary of scientific names of organisms
- Appendix C : Glossary of human genetic diseases
- Appendix D : Glossary of terms
- Index.