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Basic Statistics for Business and Economics
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Other Authors: | |
Format: | Printed Book |
Published: |
McGraw-Hill
2006
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Edition: | International Edition |
Subjects: |
Table of Contents:
- What Is Statistics?
- Introduction
- Why Study Statistics?
- What Is Meant by Statistics?
- Types of Statistics
- Descriptive Statistics
- Inferential Statistics
- Types of Variables
- Levels of Measurement
- Nominal-Level Data
- Ordinal-Level Data
- Interval-Level Data
- Ratio-Level Data
- Exercises
- Statistics, Graphics, and Ethics
- Misleading Statistics
- Association Does Not Necessarily Imply Causation
- Graphs Can Be Misleading
- Become a Better Consumer and a Better Producer of Information
- Ethics
- Software Applications
- Chapter Outline
- Chapter Exercises
- Exercises.com
- Dataset Exercises
- Answers to Self-Review
- Describing Data: Frequency Distributions and Graphic Presentation
- Introduction
- Constructing a Frequency Distribution
- ClassIntervals and Class Midpoints
- A Software Example
- Relative Frequency Distribution
- Exercises
- Graphic Presentation of a Frequency Distribution
- Histogram
- Frequency Polygon
- Exercises
- Cumulative Frequency Distributions
- Exercises
- Other Graphic Presentations of Data
- Line Graphs
- Bar Charts
- Pie Charts
- Exercises
- Chapter Outline
- Chapter Exercises
- Exercises.com
- Dataset Exercises
- Software Commands
- Answers to Self-Review
- Describing Data: Numerical Measures
- Introduction
- The Population Mean
- The Sample Mean
- Properties of the Arithmetic Mean
- Exercises
- The Weighted Mean
- Exercises
- The Median
- The Mode
- Exercises
- Software Solution
- The Relative Positions of the Mean, Median, and Mode
- Exercises
- The Geometric Mean
- Exercises
- Why Study Dispersion?
- Measures of Dispersion
- Range
- Mean Deviation
- Exercises
- Variance and Standard Deviation
- Exercises
- Software Solution
- Exercises
- Interpretation and Uses of the Standard Deviation
- Chebyshev's Theorem
- The Empirical Rule
- Exercises
- Chapter Outline
- Pronunciation Key
- Chapter Exercises
- Exercises.com
- Dataset Exercises
- Software Commands
- Answers to Self-Review
- Describing Data: Displaying and Exploring Data
- Introduction
- Dot Plots
- Exercises
- Quartiles, Deciles, and Percentiles
- Exercises
- Box Plots
- Exercises
- Skewness
- Exercises
- Describing the Relationship between Two Variables
- Exercises
- Chapter Outline
- Pronunciation Key
- Chapter Exercises
- Exercises.com
- Dataset Exercises
- Software Commands
- Answers to Self-Review
- A Survey of Probability Concepts
- Introduction
- What Is a Probability?
- Approaches to Assigning Probabilities
- Classical Probability
- Empirical Probability
- Subjective Probability
- Exercises
- Some Rules for Computing Probabilities
- Rules of Addition
- Exercises
- Rules of Multiplication
- Contingency Tables
- Tree Diagrams
- Exercises
- Principles of Counting
- The Multiplication Formula
- The Permutation Formula
- The Combination Formula
- Exercises
- Chapter Outline
- Pronunciation Key
- Chapter Exercises
- Exercises.com
- Dataset Exercises
- Software Commands
- Answers to Self-Review
- Discrete Probability Distributions
- Introduction
- What Is a Probability Distribution?
- Random Variables
- Discrete Random Variable
- Continuous Random Variable
- The Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation of a Probability Distribution
- Mean
- Variance and Standard Distribution
- Exercises
- Binomial Probability Distribution
- How Is a Binomial Probability Distribution Computed
- Binomial Probability Tables
- Exercises
- Cumulative Binomial Probability Distributions
- Exercises
- Poisson Probability Distribution
- Exercises
- Chapter Outline
- Chapter Exercises
- Dataset Exercises
- Software Commands
- Answers to Self-Review
- Continuous Probability Distributions
- Introduction
- The Family of Uniform Distributions
- Exercises
- The Family of Normal Probability Distributions
- The Standard Normal Distribution
- The Empirical Rule
- Exercises
- Finding Areas under the Normal Curve
- Exercises
- Exercises
- Exercises
- Chapter Outline
- Chapter Exercises
- Dataset Exercises
- Software Commands
- Answers to Self-Review
- Sampling Methods and the Central Limit Theorem
- Introduction
- Sampling Methods
- Reasons to Sample
- Simple Random Sampling
- Systematic Random Sampling
- Stratified Random Sampling
- Cluster Sampling
- Exercises
- Sampling "Error"
- Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean
- Exercises
- The Central Limit Theorem
- Exercises
- Using the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean
- Exercises
- Chapter Outline
- Pronunciation Key
- Chapter Exercises
- Exercises.com
- Dataset Exercises
- Software Commands
- Answers to Self-Review
- Estimation and Confidence Intervals
- Introduction
- Point Estimates and Confidence Intervals
- Known (sigma) or a Large Sample
- A Computer Simulation
- Exercises
- Unknown Population Standard Deviation and a Small Sample
- Exercises
- A Confidence Interval for a Proportion
- Exercises
- Finite-Population Correction Factor
- Exercises
- Choosing an Appropriate Sample Size
- Exercises
- Chapter Outline. Pronunciation Key
- Chapter Exercises
- Exercises.com
- Dataset Exercises
- Software Commands
- Answers to Self-Review
- One-Sample Tests of Hypothesis
- Introduction
- What Is a Hypothesis?
- What Is Hypothesis Testing?
- Five-Step Procedure for Testing a Hypothesis
- State the Null Hypothesis (H(subscript
- Select a Level of Significance
- Select the Test Statistic
- Formulate the Decision Rule
- Make a Decision
- One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests of Significance
- Testing for a Population Mean with a Known Population Standard Deviation
- A Two-Tailed Test
- A One-Tailed Test
- P-Value in Hypothesis Testing
- Testing for a Population Mean: Large Sample, Population Standard Deviation Unknown
- Exercises
- Tests Concerning Proportions
- Exercises
- Testing for a Population Mean: Small Sample, Population Standard Deviation Unknown
- Exercises
- A Software Solution
- Exercises
- Chapter Outline
- Pronunciation Key
- Chapter Exercises
- Exercises.com
- Dataset Exercises
- Software Commands
- Answers to Self-Review
- Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis
- Introduction
- Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis: Independent Samples
- Exercises
- Two-Sample Tests about Proportions
- Exercises
- Comparing Population Means with Small Samples
- Exercises
- Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis: Dependent Samples
- Comparing Dependent and Independent Samples
- Exercises
- Chapter Outline
- Pronunciation Key
- Chapter Exercises
- Exercises.com
- Dataset Exercises
- Software Commands
- Answers to Self-Review
- Analysis of Variance
- Introduction
- The F Distribution
- Comparing Two Population Variances
- Exercises
- ANOVA Assumptions
- The ANOVA Test
- Exercises
- Inferences about Pairs of Treatment Means
- Exercises
- Chapter Outline
- Pronunciation Key
- Chapter Exercises
- Exercises.com
- Dataset Exercises
- Software Commands
- Answers to Self-Review
- Linear Regression and Correlation
- Introduction
- What Is Correlation Analysis?
- The Coefficient of Correlation
- The Coefficient of Determination
- Correlation and Cause
- Exercises
- Testing the Significance of the Correlation Coefficient
- Exercises
- Regression Analysis
- Least Squares Principle
- Drawing the Line of Regression
- Exercises
- The Standard Error of Estimate
- Assumptions Underlying Linear Regression
- Exercises
- Confidence and Prediction Intervals
- Exercises
- More on the Coefficient of Determination
- Exercises
- The Relationships among the Coefficient of Correlation, the Coefficient of Determination, and the Standard Error of Estimate
- Transforming Data
- Exercises
- Chapter Outline
- Pronunciation Key
- Chapter Exercises
- Exercises.com
- Dataset Exercises
- Software Commands
- Answers to Self-Review
- Multiple Regression and Correlation Analysis
- Introduction
- Multiple Regression Analysis
- Inferences in Multiple Linear Regression
- Exercises
- Multiple Standard Error of Estimate
- Assumptions about Multiple Regression and Correlation
- The ANOVA Table
- Exercises
- Evaluating the Regression Equation
- Using a Scatter Diagram
- Correlation Matrix
- Global Test: Testing the Multiple Regression Model
- Evaluating Individual Regression Coefficients
- Qualitative Independent Variables
- Exercises
- Analysis of Residuals
- Chapter
- Outline
- Pronunciation Key
- Chapter Exercises
- Exercises.com
- Dataset Exercises
- Software Commands
- Answers to Self-Review
- Chi-Square Applications
- Introduction
- Goodness-of-Fit Test: Equal Expected Frequencies
- Exercises
- Goodness-of-Fit Test: Unequal Expected Frequencies
- Limitations of Chi-Square
- Exercises
- Contingency Table Analysis
- Exercises
- Chapter Outline
- Pronunciation Key
- Chapter Exercises
- Exercises.com
- Dataset Exercises
- Software Commands
- Answers to Self-Review
- CD ChaptersStatistical Quality ControlTime Series and ForecastingAppendixesTablesBinomial Probability Distribution
- Critical Values of Chi-Square
- Poisson Distribution
- Areas under the Normal Curve
- Table of Random Numbers
- Student's t Distribution
- Critical Values of the F Distribution
- Wilcoxon T Values
- Factors for Control Charts
- DatasetsReal Estate
- Major League Baseball
- Wages and Wage Earners
- CIA International Economic and Demographic Data
- Whitner Autoplex
- Getting Started with Megastat
- Visual Statistics
- Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises
- Photo Credits
- Index.