Personality theories : an introduction /

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Engler, Barbara
Format: Printed Book
Language:English
Published: Belmont, Calif. : Wadsworth Cengage Learning, c2014.
Edition:9th ed.
Subjects:
Personality.
Table of Contents:
  • Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Introduction: Evaluating Personality Theories
  • Your Goals For This Chapter
  • What Is Personality?
  • What Is a Theory?
  • The Role of Personality Theory in Psychology
  • The Evaluation of Personality Theory
  • Philosophical Assumptions
  • Basic Philosophical Assumptions
  • Distinguishing Philosophical Assumptions from Scientific Statements
  • Criteria for Evaluating Philosophical Assumptions
  • Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Your Own Philosophical Assumptions
  • Scientific Statements
  • The Philosophical Basis of Science
  • Recognizing Scientific Statements
  • Some Basic Scientific Constructs
  • Criteria for Evaluating Scientific Statements
  • The Art of Personality Theories
  • Assessment
  • Thinking Critically: Evaluating Personality Theories
  • Research
  • Psychotherapy
  • The Challenges of Evaluation
  • Summary
  • Personal Experiences
  • pt. I THE PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
  • ch. 2 Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud
  • Contents note continued: Your Goals For This Chapter
  • Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
  • Biographical Background
  • The Origins of Psychoanalysis
  • The Discovery of Unconscious Forces
  • The Psychoanalytic Method of Assessment and Research
  • Thinking Critically: Free Association
  • The Dynamics and Development of Personality
  • The Importance of Sexuality
  • The Psychosexual Stages of Development
  • Thinking Critically: Memories: True or False?
  • The Effects of the Psychosexual Stages
  • The Structure of Personality
  • The Id, Ego, and Superego
  • The Relationship of the Id, Ego, and Superego to Consciousness
  • The Ego's Defense Mechanisms
  • Psychoanalysis
  • Transference
  • Thinking Critically: Identifying Defense Mechanisms
  • The Analytic Process
  • Empirical Validation of Psychoanalytic Concepts
  • Twentieth Century Efforts
  • Thinking Critically: Freud on Women and Women on Freud
  • Neuropsychoanalytic Research
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Freud's Theory
  • Contents note continued: Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Freud
  • Summary
  • Personal Experiences
  • pt. II THE NEOPSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
  • ch. 3 Analytical Psychology: Carl Jung
  • Your Goals For This Chapter
  • Carl Jung (1875-1961)
  • Biographical Background
  • The Nature and Structure of Personality
  • Psychic Energy
  • The Ego
  • The Personal Unconscious and Its Complexes
  • The Collective Unconscious
  • Thinking Critically: Archetypes in Cultural Forms
  • Psychological Types
  • Self-Realization
  • Synchronicity
  • Individuation and Transcendence
  • Jungian Psychotherapy
  • Assessment and Research in Jung's Theory
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Jung's Theory
  • Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Jung
  • Summary
  • Personal Experiences
  • ch. 4 Interpsychic Theories: Alfred Adler, Harry Stack Sullivan
  • Your Goals For This Chapter
  • Alfred Adler (1870-1937)
  • Biographical Background
  • Basic Concepts
  • Thinking Critically: Birth Order and Personality
  • Contents note continued: Adlerian Psychotherapy
  • Assessment and Research in Adler's Theory
  • Thinking Critically: A License to Parent?
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Adler's Theory
  • Harry Stack Sullivan (1892-1949)
  • Biographical Background
  • Basic Concepts
  • Psychotherapy, Assessment, and Research
  • Thinking Critically: Prototaxic, Parataxic, and Syntaxic Experience
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Sullivan's Theory
  • Family Therapy
  • Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Adler and Sullivan
  • Summary
  • Personal Experiences
  • ch. 5 Psychoanalytic Social Psychology: Karen Horney, Erich Fromm
  • Your Goals For This Chapter
  • Karen Homey (1885-1952)
  • Biographical Background
  • Basic Anxiety
  • Neurotic Needs or Trends
  • The Idealized Self
  • Thinking Critically: Neurotic Needs, Modes, and Orientations
  • Feminine Psychology
  • Assessment and Research in Horney's Theory
  • Attachment and Parenting Research
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Horney's Theory
  • Contents note continued: Erich Fromm (1900-1980)
  • Biographical Background
  • Basic Human Conditions and Needs
  • Character Orientations
  • Assessment and Research in Fromm's Theory
  • Thinking Critically: Terrorism
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Fromm's Theory
  • Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Horney and Fromm
  • Summary
  • Personal Experiences
  • pt. III MORE RECENT TRENDS IN PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY
  • ch. 6 Ego Analytic Psychology: Anna Freud, Erik Erikson, Dan McAdams
  • Your Goals For This Chapter
  • Anna Freud (1895-1982)
  • Biographical Background
  • Erik Erikson (1902-1994)
  • Biographical Background
  • An Enhanced Understanding of the Ego
  • The Psychosocial Stages of Development
  • Assessment and Research in Erikson's Theory
  • Thinking Critically: The Life Cycle
  • Empirical Research in Erikson's Theory
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Erikson's Theory
  • Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Erikson
  • Dan McAdams (1954-)
  • Biographical Background
  • Contents note continued: Thinking Critically: Generativity: How Do You Measure Up?
  • Thinking Critically: Your Life Story
  • Summary
  • Personal Experiences
  • ch. 7 Human Relations: Object Relations Theory, Relational-Cultural Theory
  • Your Goals For This Chapter
  • Object Relations Theory
  • Melanie Klein (1882-1960)
  • Margaret Mahler (1897-1985)
  • Heinz Kohut (1913-1981)
  • Otto Kernberg (1928-)
  • Nancy Chodorow (1944-)
  • Thinking Critically: Families Today
  • Relational-Cultural Theory
  • Shifting the Paradigm
  • Psychotherapy
  • Thinking Critically: Disconnections and Connections
  • Other Applications
  • The Neurobiological Basis of Relationships
  • Thinking Critically: Serial Testimony
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Human Relations Theories
  • Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Human Relations Theories
  • Summary
  • Personal Experiences
  • pt. IV BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING THEORIES
  • Contents note continued: ch. 8 Experimental Analysis Of Behavior: John Dollard and Neal Miller, B. F. Skinner
  • Your Goals For This Chapter
  • The Experimental Analysis of Behavior
  • John Dollard (1900-1980) and Neal Miller (1909-2002)
  • Biographical Background
  • Habits, Drives, and the Learning Process
  • Frustration and Conflict
  • Thinking Critically: Personal Conflicts
  • The Integration of Learning Theory and Psychoanalysis
  • Psychotherapy
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Dollard and Miller's Theory
  • B. F. Skinner (1904-1990)
  • Biographical Background
  • A Theory of Personality Without Personality
  • The Development of Behavior Through Learning
  • Schedules and Types of Reinforcement
  • Thinking Critically: Classical and Operant Conditioning in Your Life
  • Psychotherapy and Behavioral Change
  • Social Utopias
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Skinner's Theory
  • Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Dollard and Miller and Skinner
  • Conclusions
  • Summary
  • Contents note continued: Personal Experiences
  • ch. 9 Social Learning Theories: Albert Bandura, Julian Rotter, Walter Mischel
  • Your Goals For This Chapter
  • Albert Bandura (1925-)
  • Biographical Background
  • An Agentic Perspective
  • Triadic Reciprocal Causation
  • Learning Through Observation
  • Aggression, Inhumane Behavior, and Moral Disengagement
  • Self-Efficacy
  • Thinking Critically: Moral Disengagement and Reprehensible Conduct
  • Psychotherapy and Behavior Modification
  • Thinking Critically: Developing Self-Regulation
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Bandura's Theory
  • Julian Rotter (1916-)
  • Internal Versus External Control of Reinforcement
  • Predicting Behavior
  • Walter Mischel (1930-)
  • Behavior Specificity
  • A Cognitive-Affective Personality System
  • A Biological Basis for Self-Regulation and Delay of Gratification
  • Thinking Critically: Behavioral Signatures
  • Conclusions
  • Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Bandura, Rotter, and Mischel
  • Contents note continued: Summary
  • Personal Experiences
  • pt. V DISPOSITIONAL AND BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF PERSONALITY
  • ch. 10 Traits And Personology: Gordon Allport, Henry Murray
  • Your Goals For This Chapter
  • Gordon Allport (1897-1967)
  • Biographical Background
  • The Nature of Personality
  • Traits
  • Thinking Critically: Central Dispositions
  • The Proprium
  • Functional Autonomy
  • A Definition of Maturity
  • Assessment and Research in Allport's Theory
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Allport's Theory
  • Henry Murray (1893-1988)
  • Biographical Background
  • The Study of Personology
  • Human Needs
  • Thinking Critically: Evaluating Needs
  • Assessment and Research in Murray's Theory
  • Thinking Critically: The Thematic Apperception Test
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Murray's Theory
  • Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Allport and Murray
  • Conclusions
  • Summary
  • Personal Experiences
  • Contents note continued: ch. 11 Factor Analytic, Genetic And Evolutionary Theories: Raymond Cattell, The Big Five Personality Traits, Genetic and Evolutionary Developments
  • Your Goals For This Chapter
  • Raymond Cattell (1905-1998)
  • Biographical Background
  • Cattell's Definition of Personality
  • Surface Traits Versus Source Traits
  • Assessment and Research in Cattell's Theory
  • The Big Five Personality Traits
  • The Study of Language
  • The Study of Personality Questionnaires and Ratings
  • Differences Between the Big Five and the Five-Factor Model
  • Five-Factor Theory
  • Applications of the Big Five and the Five-Factor Model and Theory
  • Implications for Diagnosis of Dysfunctional Behavior
  • Thinking Critically: How Abnormal Is Abnormal?
  • Genetics and Evolutionary Developments
  • The Genetic Influence on Traits
  • Applications of Genetic Research
  • Evolutionary Psychology Theory
  • Contents note continued: Thinking Critically: Using a Genogram to Chart Personality Traits in Your Family Tree
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Factor Analytic Trait Theories
  • Thinking Critically: Should We Selectively Breed Humans?
  • Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Cattell and the Big Five Theorists
  • Summary
  • Personal Experiences
  • ch. 12 Biological Traits: Hans Eysenck
  • Your Goals For This Chapter
  • Hans Eysenck (1916-1997)
  • Biographical Background
  • Historical Predecessors
  • Constructing a Model of Personality
  • The Identification of Superfactors
  • The Hierarchical Model of Personality
  • Comparisons with Cattell and the Big Five
  • The Measurement of Traits
  • Looking for Causal Agents of Behavior
  • Eysenck's Hypothetical Causal Explanations
  • Thinking Critically: The Lemon Test
  • New Research on Brain Functioning
  • The Biological Basis of Behavior and Neurosis
  • Intelligence
  • Applications of Eysenck's Theory
  • Education
  • Contents note continued: Thinking Critically: Study Places
  • Creativity
  • Personality, Biology, and Genetics
  • Psychotherapy
  • Thinking Critically: Measuring the Efficacy of Psychotherapy
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Eysenck's Theory
  • Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Eysenck's Theory
  • Summary
  • Personal Experiences
  • pt. VI HUMANISTIC AND EXISTENTIAL THEORIES
  • ch. 13 Humanism: Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers
  • Your Goals For This Chapter
  • Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
  • Biographical Background
  • Human Motivation: A Hierarchical Theory
  • The Study of Self-Actualized Persons
  • Thinking Critically: Who's Among the Self-Actualized?
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Maslow's Theory
  • Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
  • Biographical Background
  • Rogers's Theory of Personality
  • Psychotherapy
  • Thinking Critically: Friendlier Arguments: Using Reflection to Resolve Conflicts
  • Changes in Rogers's View of Therapy
  • Assessment and Research in Rogers's Theory
  • Contents note continued: Philosophy, Science, and Art: Rogers's Theory
  • Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Maslow and Rogers
  • Positive Psychology
  • Transpersonal Psychology
  • Thinking Critically: War and Our Comfort Level
  • Thinking Critically: Should Psychologists Study Spirituality?
  • Summary
  • Personal Experiences
  • ch. 14 Existential Psychoanalysis: Rollo May
  • Your Goals For This Chapter
  • Rollo May (1909-1994)
  • Biographical Background
  • The Existential Attitude
  • Our Predicament
  • Powerlessness
  • Anxiety
  • The Loss of Values
  • Rediscovering Selfhood
  • Thinking Critically: Is Privacy an Obsolete Value?
  • Ontological Assumptions Concerning the Person
  • Rediscovering Feelings
  • Four Stages of Consciousness of Self
  • The Goals of Integration
  • The Daimonic
  • Power
  • Love and Sex
  • Intentionality
  • Freedom and Destiny
  • Courage and Creativity
  • A Cry for Myth
  • Thinking Critically: Cultural Myths and the Media
  • Psychotherapy
  • Contents note continued: Assessment and Research in May's Theory
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: May's Theory
  • Philosophical Assumptions: Examining May
  • Social Media
  • Summary
  • Personal Experiences
  • pt. VII COGNITIVE THEORIES
  • ch. 15 Personal CONSTRUCTS: George Kelly
  • Your Goals For This Chapter
  • George Kelly (1905-1967)
  • Biographical Background
  • The Person as Scientist
  • Constructive Alternativism
  • Thinking Critically: How We Behave as Scientists
  • Fundamental Postulate and Corollaries
  • The Reconstruction of Old Concepts
  • Assessment and Research in Kelly's Theory
  • Psychotherapy
  • Thinking Critically: Assessing Personal Constructs: The Rep Test
  • Thinking Critically: Role-Playing
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Kelly's Theory
  • Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Kelly
  • Summary
  • Personal Experiences
  • ch. 16 Cognitive-Behavioral Theories: Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck, Arnold Lazarus
  • Your Goals For This Chapter
  • Albert Ellis (1913-2007)
  • Contents note continued: Biographical Background
  • Philosophical Origins
  • The Theory of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
  • Rational Emotive Behavior Psychotherapy
  • Thinking Critically: A Self-Help Form
  • Aaron Beck (1921-)
  • Biographical Background
  • Philosophical Origins
  • The Theory Behind Cognitive Therapy
  • Thinking Critically: Automatic Thoughts Diary
  • Cognitive Psychotherapy
  • Assessment and Research in Beck's Theory
  • Arnold Lazarus (1932-)
  • Biographical Background
  • The Development of a Theory and the BASIC-ID
  • Theory of Personality
  • Multimodal Therapy
  • Thinking Critically: Using the BASIC-ID
  • Technical Eclecticism
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Cognitive Behavioral Therapies and Theories
  • Philosophical Assumptions: Examining Ellis, Beck, and Lazarus
  • Mindfulness
  • Summary
  • Personal Experiences
  • pt. VIII A NON-WESTERN APPROACH
  • ch. 17 Zen Buddhism
  • Your Goals For This Chapter
  • The Introduction of Zen to the West
  • Contents note continued: The Origins of Zen
  • The Teachings of the Buddha
  • Dependent Origination
  • The Three Characteristics of Existence
  • Vasubandhu and the Eight Consciousnesses
  • Bodhidharma and the Transmission of Zen to China
  • The Practice of Zen
  • Thinking Critically: Meditation
  • Five Approaches to Zen Practice
  • Enlightenment
  • Eastern Thought and Psychotherapy
  • Thinking Critically: Mindfulness and the Search for a Higher Synthesis
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Eastern Theories
  • Summary
  • Personal Experiences
  • CONCLUSION/PERSONALITY THEORY IN PERSPECTIVE
  • Your Goals For This Chapter
  • Philosophy, Science, and Art: Personality Theories
  • Philosophical Issues
  • The Challenge of Contemporary Personality Theorizing
  • Summary.

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