Methods in psychological research /

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Evans, Annabel
Other Authors: Rooney, Bryan J.
Format: Printed Book
Language:English
Published: Thousand Oaks, Calif. : SAGE, 2011.
Edition:2nd ed.
Subjects:
Psychology
Table of Contents:
  • 1. Introduction to Research in Psychology
  • Objectives
  • Acquiring Knowledge About the World
  • Tradition or Tenacity: I Believe It Is True Because It Has Always Been True
  • Intuition: I Believe It Is True Because I Feel It is True
  • Authority: I Believe It Is True Because an "Expert" Says It Is True
  • Personal Experience: I Believe It is True Because I Experienced It
  • Reasoning: I Believe It Is True Because It Is Logically Derived
  • Empiricism: I Believe It Is True Because I Measured It
  • Science
  • Psychology---Science and Art
  • Critical Thinking
  • The Critical Thinking Process
  • Objectives of Science
  • To Describe
  • To Explain
  • To Predict
  • To Control
  • The Tenets of Science
  • Determinism
  • Empiricism
  • Replicability
  • Falsifiability
  • Parsimony
  • The Scientific Method
  • Theories, Concepts, and Hypotheses
  • Why We Do Research
  • To Evaluate a Theory
  • To Satisfy Our Curiosity
  • To Demonstrate a New Technique
  • To Demonstrate a Behavioral Phenomenon
  • To Investigate the Conditions Influencing Behavioral Phenomena
  • Approaches to Research
  • Descriptive Versus Explanatory Research
  • Quantitative Versus Qualitative Research
  • Basic Versus Applied Research
  • Cross-Sectional Versus Longitudinal Research
  • Field Versus Laboratory Research
  • Steps in Planning and Doing Research
  • Selecting a Research Topic
  • Generating Testable Hypotheses
  • Classifying Variables
  • Selecting an Appropriate Design
  • Planning the Method and Carrying It Out
  • Analyzing Results
  • Drawing Conclusions
  • Sharing Your Findings
  • Chapter Summary
  • Chapter Resources
  • Answers to Conceptual Exercises
  • Faq
  • Chapter Exercises
  • Chapter Projeacts
  • 2. Understanding the Research Literature
  • Objectives
  • Searching the Literature
  • The Research Article
  • The Abstract
  • The Introduction
  • The Method Section
  • The Results
  • The Discussion
  • Chapter Summary
  • Chapter Resources
  • Answers To Conceptual Exercises
  • Faq
  • Chapter Exercises
  • Chapter Projects
  • 3. Research in Psychology: An Ethical Enterprise
  • Objective
  • General Principles
  • Principle A. Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
  • Principle B. Fidelity and Responsibility
  • Principle C. Integrity
  • Principle D. Justice
  • Principle E. Respect for People's Rights and Dignity
  • Ethical Standards
  • 2. Competence
  • 3. Human Relations
  • 4. Privacy and Confidentiality
  • 8. Research and Publication
  • Special Populations
  • Internet Research
  • Bias and Intellectual Honesty
  • Chapter Summary
  • Chapter Resources
  • Answers to Conceptual Exercises
  • Faq
  • Chapter Exercises
  • Chapter Projects
  • 4. Hypothesis Testing, Power, and Control: A Review of the Basics
  • Objectives
  • Three Levels of Hypotheses
  • Testing the Null Hypothesis
  • Statistical Significance
  • Inferential Errors: Type I and Type II
  • Power and How to Increase It
  • Effect Size
  • Power and the Role of Replication in Research
  • External and Internal Validity
  • Confounding and Extraneous Variaables
  • Controlling Extraneous Variables
  • Chapter Summary
  • Chapter Resources
  • Answers to Conceptual Exercises
  • Faq
  • Chapter Exercises
  • Chapter Projects
  • 5. Measuring variables
  • Objectives
  • Ways of Asking Questions
  • Fixed Alternative Questions
  • Open-Ended Questions
  • Rating Scales
  • Likert Scales
  • Semantic Differential
  • Social Desirability and Response Set
  • Measuring Observed Behavior
  • Levels of Measurement
  • The Importance of Precision in Measurement
  • Reliability of Measurement
  • Validity of Measurement
  • Tests, Scales, and Inventories
  • Commercially Available Tests and Inventories
  • Standardized Tests of Intelligence
  • Tests of Personality
  • Chapter Summary
  • Chapter Resources
  • Answers to Conceptual Exercises
  • Faq
  • Chapter Exercise
  • Chapter Projects
  • 6. Selecting Research Participants
  • Objectives
  • Sampling Methods
  • Probability Sampling
  • Nonprobability Sampling
  • Sample and Effeact Size
  • Power Revisited
  • Chapter Summary
  • Chapter Resources
  • Answers to Conceptual Exercises
  • Faq
  • Chapter Exercises
  • Chapter Projects
  • 7. Experimental Design: Independent Groups Designs
  • Objectives
  • Why We Do Experiments
  • Steps in Conducting an Experiment
  • Where We Do Experiments
  • How We Do Experiments: Independent Groups Designs
  • Completely Randomized Groups Designs: One IV
  • Randomized Factorial Groups Designs: More Than One IV
  • Chapter Summary
  • Chapter Resources
  • Answers To Conceptual Exercises
  • Faq
  • Chapter Exercises
  • Chapter Projects
  • 8. Experimental Design: Dependent Groups and Mixed Groups Designs
  • Objectives
  • Dependent Groups Designs
  • Within-Participants Designs
  • Matched Groups Designs
  • Mixed Designs
  • Chapter Summary
  • Chapter Resources
  • Answers To Conceptual Exercises
  • Faq
  • Chapter Exercises
  • Chapter Projects
  • 9. Experimental Design: Single-Particaipant Designs/The Operant Approach
  • Objectives
  • Single-Participant Design and the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
  • Concepts in the Esperimental Analysis of Behavior
  • Operant
  • Phase
  • Baseline
  • Treatment
  • Length of Phase
  • Changing Phase
  • Measuring the Response
  • ABA and ABAB Withdrawal Designs
  • Multiple Baseline Design
  • Alternating Treatment Design
  • Changing Criterion Design
  • Advantages and Disadvantages of Single-Participant Designs
  • Chapter Summary
  • Chapter Resources
  • Answers To Conceptual Exercises
  • Faq
  • Chapter Exercises
  • Chapter Projects
  • 10. Finding Relationships Among Variables: Nonexperimental Research
  • Objectives
  • Quasi-Experiments
  • Time-Series Designs
  • Nonequivalent Groups Designs
  • Longitudinal Research
  • Cross-Seactional Research
  • Case Studies
  • Correlational Research
  • Chapter Summary
  • Chapter Resources
  • Answers To Conceptual Exercises
  • Faq
  • Chapter Exercises
  • Chapter Projects
  • 11. Data Collection Methods
  • Objectives
  • Observational Research: Observing the Behavior of Individuals
  • Observing Behavior From the Outside: Naturalistic Observation
  • Observing Behavior From the Inside: Participant Observation
  • Observing Behavior in a Controlled Setting: Laboratory Observation
  • Advantages and Disadvantages of Observational Research
  • Survey Research: Asking People Question About Their Behavior
  • Defining Your Research Question
  • How Will You Ask Your Questions?
  • Interviews
  • Questionnaires
  • General Guidelines for Writing Survey Questions
  • Observing Group Behavior: The Focus Group
  • Chapter Summary
  • Chapter Resources
  • Answers To Conceptual Exercises
  • Faq
  • Chapter Exercises
  • Chapter PRojeacts
  • Appendix: Ways to Increase Response Rates to Mail-Out Surveys
  • 12. Program Evaluation, Archival Research, and Meta-Analytic Designs
  • Objectives
  • Program Evaluation
  • Determining Need
  • Selecting Outcome Measures
  • Ethical Constraints on Program Evaluation Research
  • Arcahival Research
  • Colleacting Information From an Archive
  • Collecating Archival Information Online
  • Meta-Analysis
  • Chapter Summary
  • Chapter Resources
  • Answers To Conceptual Exercises
  • Faq
  • Chapter Exercises
  • Chapter Projects
  • 13. Your Research Project: Analyzing, Interpreting, and Presenting Your Research
  • Objectives
  • What are Statistics and Why Are They Necessary?
  • Summarizing Your Data With Descriptive Statistics
  • Making Inferences From Your Data
  • Testing The Statistical Significance of Your Research Findings
  • Choosing the
  • Appropriate Test of Significance
  • More on Data Analysis With Computers
  • Chapter Summary
  • Chapter Resources
  • Answers To Conceptual Exercises
  • Faq
  • 14. Communicating in Psychology
  • Objecatives
  • Writing in Psychology
  • Plagiarism
  • References and In-Text Citations
  • APA Primer
  • Presenting Research in Writing
  • The Term Paper/Literature Review
  • The Research Report
  • General Typing Guidelines for Term and Research Papers
  • A Sample Experimental Report
  • Other Ways of Presenting Research
  • Oral Presentations
  • Poster Presentations
  • Chapter Summary
  • Chapter Resources
  • Answers To Conceptual Exercises
  • Faq
  • Chapter Exercises
  • Chapter Projects
  • Appendix: Research Report Checklist.

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