Table of Contents:
  • Introduction: change and tradition in Europe
  • Timeline of European history
  • The old regime and the Enlightenment
  • The French Revolution and Napoleon
  • The Industrial Revolution and the birth of capitalism
  • 1848: the peoples' spring
  • Marx, Marxism, and socialism
  • Darwinism and Social Darwinism
  • The unifications of Italy and Germany
  • The age of imperialism and the scramble for Africa
  • World War I
  • The Russian Revolution and communism
  • World War II and the Holocaust
  • Europe divided, the Cold War, and decolonization
  • 1989: the collapse of communism and the end of the Cold War
  • The European Union: Europe united and free?