Table of Contents:
  • Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Understanding the Purpose of Research in the Qualitative and Quantitative Traditions
  • Chapter Outline
  • What Is Research?
  • What Constitutes Quality Research?
  • Quality Questions in Relation to the Final Research Summary
  • Problem Finding Versus Problem Solving
  • Qualitative and Quantitative Traditions and the "Paradigm Wars"
  • Concluding Remarks
  • Discussion Questions
  • Key Terms
  • ch. 2 Research in the Qualitative Tradition and Connections to the Quantitative Tradition
  • Chapter Outline
  • Purpose and Characteristics of Qualitative Research
  • Philosophical Assumptions of Qualitative Research
  • Technical Components of Empirical Inquiry in Qualitative Research
  • Variables, Research Problems and Questions, and Research Hypotheses
  • The Design-Measurement-Analysis Triad
  • Strengths and Limitations of Qualitative Research
  • Concluding Remarks
  • Discussion Questions
  • Key Terms
  • Contents note continued: Additional Readings in Qualitative Research
  • ch. 3 Research in the Quantitative Tradition
  • Chapter Outline
  • Purpose and Characteristics of Quantitative Research
  • Philosophical Assumptions of Quantitative Research
  • Technical Components of Empirical Inquiry in Quantitative Research
  • Variables, Research Problems and Questions, and Research Hypotheses
  • The Design-Measurement-Analysis Triad
  • Strengths and Limitations of Quantitative Research
  • Connections to Qualitative Research
  • Concluding Remarks
  • Discussion Questions
  • Key Terms
  • ch. 4 Choosing Research Participants and Making Generalizations: Sampling and External Validity
  • Chapter Outline
  • Sampling: Choosing Participants for Research Studies
  • Probability or Random Sampling Procedures
  • Simple Random Sampling
  • Stratified Random Sampling
  • Cluster Random Sampling and Its Extensions
  • Systematic Sampling
  • Non-Probability or Non-Random Sampling Procedures
  • Contents note continued: Convenience Sampling
  • Purposive Sampling
  • Quota Sampling
  • Snowball Sampling
  • Errors Related to Sampling
  • The Question of Sample Size: How Big Should a Sample Be?
  • External Validity: Making Generalizations to Other Participants and Settings
  • Population Generalizability
  • Ecological Generalizability
  • Connections to Qualitative Research
  • Concluding Remarks
  • Discussion Questions
  • Key Terms
  • Review of Published Research Articles
  • Article 2 (Clayton, 2011)
  • Article 3 (Porfeli, Wang, Audette, McColl, & Algozzine, 2009)
  • Article 5 (Van Voorhis, 2011)
  • ch. 5 Measurement and Instrumentation in Quantitative Research
  • Chapter Outline
  • What Is Measurement?
  • Measurement Scales
  • Nominal Measurement Scales
  • Ordinal Measurement Scales
  • Interval Measurement Scales
  • Ratio Measurement Scales
  • Common Ways to Collect Data
  • Achievement and Aptitude Tests
  • Questionnaires
  • Observation Protocols
  • Contents note continued: Linking Measurement Instruments to the Research Questions and Hypotheses
  • Establishing the Credibility and Consistency of Measurement Instruments
  • Instrument Validity
  • Instrument Reliability
  • Connections to Qualitative Research
  • Concluding Remarks
  • Discussion Questions
  • Key Terms
  • Review of Published Research Articles
  • Article 1 (Yang, Cho, Mathew, & Worth, 2011)
  • Article 3 (Porfeli, Wang, Audette, McColl, & Algozzine, 2009)
  • Article 6 (Booksh, Pella, Singh, & Gouvier, 2010)
  • ch. 6 Minimizing Alternative Explanations for Research Findings: Internal Validity
  • Chapter Outline
  • Defining Internal Validity
  • Common Threats to Internal Validity
  • Subject Characteristics Threat
  • History Threat
  • Location Threat
  • Maturation Threat
  • Instrumentation Threat
  • Attrition Threat
  • Testing Threat
  • Regression to the Mean Threat
  • The Relationship Between External Validity and Internal Validity
  • Contents note continued: Connections to Qualitative Research
  • Concluding Remarks
  • Discussion Questions
  • Key Terms
  • Review of Published Research Articles
  • Article 1 (Yang, Cho, Mathew, & Worth, 2011)
  • Article 5 (Van Voorhis, 2011)
  • Article 6 (Booksh, Pella, Singh, & Gouvier, 2010)
  • ch. 7 Non-Experimental Research Designs
  • Chapter Outline
  • Essential Characteristics of Non-Experimental Research Designs
  • Research Objectives: Descriptive, Prediction, and Explanatory Studies
  • Cross-Sectional, Longitudinal, and Retrospective Studies
  • Steps in Conducting Non-Experimental Research
  • Strengths and Limitations of Non-Experimental Research
  • Threats to External and Internal Validity in Non-Experimental Research
  • Strengthening the Inferences From Non-Experimental Research Designs
  • Connections to Qualitative Research
  • Concluding Remarks
  • Discussion Questions
  • Key Terms
  • Review of Published Research Articles
  • Article 2 (Clayton, 2011)
  • Contents note continued: Article 3 (Porfeli, Wang, Audette, McColl, & Algozzine, 2009)
  • Article 4 (Nâuänez, Sparks, & Hernâandez, 2011)
  • ch. 8 Experimental Research Designs
  • Chapter Outline
  • Essential Characteristics of Experimental Research
  • Quasi-Experimental Between-Subjects Research Designs
  • Steps in Conducting Quasi-Experimental Between-Subjects Research
  • True Experimental Between-Subjects Research Designs
  • Steps in Conducting True Experimental Between-Subjects Research
  • Strengths and Limitations of Quasi- and True Experimental Between-Subjects Research Designs
  • Common Threats to External and Internal Validity for Quasi- and True Experimental Between-Subjects Research Designs
  • Connections to Qualitative Research
  • Concluding Remarks
  • Discussion Questions
  • Key Terms
  • Review of Published Research Articles
  • Article 5 (Van Voorhis, 2011)
  • Article 6 (Booksh, Pella, Singh, & Gouvier, 2010)
  • Contents note continued: ch. 9 Descriptive Analyses for Data Generated by Quantitative Research
  • Chapter Outline
  • Fundamentals of Descriptive Analysis
  • Summarizing and Describing Univariate Distributions
  • Frequency Distributions and Grouped Frequency Distributions
  • Visual Representations
  • Measures of Central Tendency
  • Measures of Dispersion or Spread
  • Describing the Shape of Univariate Distributions
  • Measures of Relative Standings on the Normal Distribution
  • Summarizing and Describing Relationships
  • Visual Representations of Relationships
  • Correlation Coefficients for Describing Relationships
  • The Coefficient of Determination for Describing Relationships
  • Regression Analysis for Describing Relationships and Prediction
  • Connections to Qualitative Research
  • Concluding Remarks
  • Discussion Questions
  • Key Terms
  • Review of Published Research Articles
  • Article 1 (Yang, Cho, Mathew, & Worth, 2011)
  • Article 2 (Clayton, 2011)
  • Contents note continued: Article 3 (Porfeli, Wang, Audette, McColl, & Algozzine, 2009)
  • ch. 10 Inferential Analyses for Data Generated by Quantitative Research
  • Chapter Outline
  • Fundamentals of Inferential Statistics
  • Sample Statistics and Population Parameters
  • Sampling Distributions
  • Point and Interval Estimation
  • Hypothesis Testing
  • Statistical Decisions, Error, and Power
  • Summary of the Steps for Interval Estimation and Hypothesis Testing
  • Commonly Used Inferential Tests
  • t-Tests for Comparing Means
  • t-Tests for Correlation Coefficients
  • t-Test for Regression Coefficients
  • One-Way Analysis of Variance
  • Chi-Square Analyses
  • Connections to Qualitative Research
  • Concluding Remarks
  • Discussion Questions
  • Key Terms
  • Review of Published Research Articles
  • Article 1 (Yang, Cho, Mathew, & Worth, 2011)
  • Article 2 (Clayton, 2011)
  • Article 3 (Porfeli, Wang, Audette, McColl, & Algozzine, 2009)
  • Contents note continued: Article 4 (Nâuänez, Sparks, & Hernâandez, 2011)
  • ch. 11 The Complementary Natures of Quantitative and Qualitative Research
  • Chapter Outline
  • Complementary Empirical Basis
  • Complementary Systematic Basis
  • Differences as Strengths
  • Mixed Methods
  • The Crystal and the Traditions
  • Final Remarks.