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Resource management for intercropping white yam (diocorea rotundata poir) in coconut garden
lntercropping Asiatic yamsviz., greater yam (Dioscorea alata) and lesser yam (Dioscorea esculentalui coconut gardens is a common practice. The recently introduced African white yam (Dioscorea rotundata), despite its superior tuber yield and quality has not yet found an appropriate place in the co...
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| Format: | Ph.D Thesis |
| Language: | Undetermined |
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Vellayani
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture
2001
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| 245 | |a Resource management for intercropping white yam (diocorea rotundata poir) in coconut garden | ||
| 260 | |a Vellayani |b Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture |c 2001 | ||
| 502 | |b PhD | ||
| 520 | 3 | |a lntercropping Asiatic yamsviz., greater yam (Dioscorea alata) and lesser yam (Dioscorea esculentalui coconut gardens is a common practice. The recently introduced African white yam (Dioscorea rotundata), despite its superior tuber yield and quality has not yet found an appropriate place in the coconut based cropping system. Field experiments were conducted at College of Agriculture, Vellayani during 1998-99 and 1999-2000 to assess the performance of white yam variety Sree Priya as an intercrop in coconut garden, to evaluate the effect of growth promoting substances on sprouting and to standardize plant population, sett size and nutrient management practices for white yam under intercropping situation. Five growth promoting substances (thiourea 2%, potassium nitrate 2%, IAA 1000 ppm, wood ash and cowdung si urry) and a control were evaluated for their effects on sprouting of white yam setts in CRD. Sett treatment using thiourea 2% induced early, uniform and better sprouting and established a vigorous crop. Factorial combination of three spacings (60x60 cm, 75x75 cm, 90x90 cm) and three sett sizes (100 g, 200 g, 300g) arranged in RBD comprised the second experiment. Planting white yam setts of size 200 g at a spacing of90x90 cm so as to accommodate 9000 plants ha' of coconut garden resulted in better sprouting and canopy size, higher harvest index, optimum tuber yield and higher profit. The response of white yam to three organic manures (FYM,coir pith compost and in situ green manuring using sunhemp) assigned to main plots and combination of three levels each of nitrogen and potassium (40,80, 120 kg ha') apart from noko control in subplots was tested in split plot design, Application of coir pith compost increased vine length, number of functional leaves, LA!, leaf, vine, tuber and whole plant biomass, NAR, CGR, and plant uptake ofN and K. Coir pith compost application led to marked improvements in tuber quality by enhancing dry matter, starch and crude protein contents. There was no conspicuous 2 variation in HI, bulking rate, weight, length and girth of tubers and tuber yield among the organic manures. This implies the suitability of coir pith compost and green manure as alternatives to FYM, the common organic manure currently used. Higher rates of nitrogen nutrition promoted all the above growth attributes, though a decline in NAR and RGR values were observed at harvest. Nitrogen supply at higher rates also enhanced chlorophyll contents and interception of PAR at the active growth phase of the crop. Tuber yield response was pronounced upto 80 kg N ha". Higher rates of nitrogen enhanced dry matter and crude protein contents and lowered crude fibre content in tubers. Moderate nutrition of nitrogen promoted vitamin C content. N supplementation at higher rates favoured crop uptake ofN, P and K as well as enhancement of the available status of N and K in the soil. Potassium nutrition at 120 kg ha' retained maximum number ofleaves and favoured dry matter accumulation in leaves, vines and tubers. Physiological parameters like LA!, NAR, CGR, RGR and HI were also promoted by higher rates of applied potassium. Potassium at higher rates favoured weight, girth and length of tuber and maximum tuber yield was obtained at 120 kg ha' . Applied potassium at 120 kg ha' yielded better quality tubers with appreciable starch content and lower fibre content. Vitamin C content of tuber was promoted by medium potash nutrition. Higher rates ofK enhanced crop uptake ofN, P and K and at the same time resulted in appreciable build up of available N, P and K in the soil. The balance sheet for available N, P and K indicated deficit balance. Green manuring enhanced the available N, P and K status of the soil profoundly, lowered net losses incurred in the nutrient balance sheets and promoted the agronomic efficiency ofN and K fertilizers. Enhanced supply ofN and K favoured greater loss of the respective nutrients and lowered their use efficiencies, whereas addition of one nutrient at higher rates reduced the loss of the othernutrient and promoted its efficiency. 3 Application of coir pith compost @ 5 t ha:' along with 80 kg N, 60 kg P 2 0 5 and 80 kg K, 0 ha" maintained higher tuber yield and generated higher profit from white yam under intercropping situation. To sum up, depending upon availability, FYM, coir pith compost or green manure can be used as organic manure with equal efficiency for white yam intercropped in coconut garden. The N:K ratio of l: 1 proved ideal. On the whole, coconut - white yam intercropping system proved profitable due to generation of net return ofRs. 31,525 ha-land BCRof1.33. | |
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