लोड हो रहा है...
Production and Evaluation of the Fungus Fusarium Pallidorosium (coooke)Saac. As A Biopesticide AgainstPea Aphid Apphis Craccivora Koch.
Investigations on "Production and evaluation of the fungus Fusarium pallidoroseum (Cooke) Sacc. as a biopesticide against the pea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch." were carried out at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani. A. craccivora infected by F pallidoroseum naturally or artificially,...
| मुख्य लेखक: | |
|---|---|
| अन्य लेखक: | |
| स्वरूप: | Ph.D Thesis |
| भाषा: | Undetermined |
| प्रकाशित: |
Vellayani
Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture
2001
|
| LEADER | 06396nam a2200181Ia 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 003 | OSt | ||
| 005 | 20160202164119.0 | ||
| 008 | 140128s9999 xx 000 0 und d | ||
| 082 | |a 632.6 |b REJ/PR | ||
| 100 | |a Reji Rani O P | ||
| 245 | |a Production and Evaluation of the Fungus Fusarium Pallidorosium (coooke)Saac. As A Biopesticide AgainstPea Aphid Apphis Craccivora Koch. | ||
| 260 | |a Vellayani |b Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture |c 2001 | ||
| 502 | |b PhD | ||
| 520 | 3 | |a Investigations on "Production and evaluation of the fungus Fusarium pallidoroseum (Cooke) Sacc. as a biopesticide against the pea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch." were carried out at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani. A. craccivora infected by F pallidoroseum naturally or artificially, died within two days. The fungus on repeated sub culturing showed variation in morphology. Number of macroconidia got reduced and the mycelia turned more white with every subculture which resulted in a gradual reduction of virulence. Virulence was completely suppressed by seventh subculture. Evaluation of different naturally available substrates for mass production of Fpallidoroseum revealed that among the solid substrates tried, leafy substrates, bran and oil seed-cakes supported maximum biomass and macroconidia. Among the liquid substrates tested mature coconut water was found to support maximum biomass and macroconidia. Increased virulence of spore suspensions prepared from these media was found to be due to the abundance of macroconida in them. Aphids were killed faster when spore suspensions containing more macro conidia were sprayed. Assessment of shelf life of the fungus for a period of twelve months revealed that for storing spores of Fpallidoroseum semidry cadaver of the host 2 insect (A.craccivora), diatomaceous earth, fine charcoal powder and leaf mold were found to be the best carrier material with substantial retention of virulence than viability when compared to other materials tested viz. bran, saw dust, vermicompost and peat. Storage under refrigeration was found to double the shelf life of the fungus compared to storage under room temperature. Spores retained 24 to 58 per cent virulence after 12 months storage at room temperature, while it retained 77 to 97 per cent virulence when kept in a refrigerator. Viability of the fungus was also found to be doubled and virulence well conserved till the end of twelve months (experimental period) when stored in a refrigerator. Material for packaging the spore formulations did not make any significant difference till the end of six months of storage. Thereafter glass vial was found to extend the shelf life of Epallidoroseum spores by one month compared to polypropylene and aluminium foil when the spore packings were kept at room temperature while under refrigeration the effect of packing materials were not reflected even after 12 months of storage. Studies conducted to evaluate the compatibility of Fpallidoroseum with commonly used botanicals revealed that mycelial growth of the fungus was not adversely affected by none of the botanicals while seed 011 emulsions of nee m and marotti highly inhibited the sporulating ability of the fungus. Leaf extracts of thevetia was moderately inhibitory while that of neem, bougainvillea and hyptis were found to enhance spourulation. Commonly used insecticide quinalphos at 0.05 per cent concentration did not suppress growth and sporulation of the fungus completely. 3 Field experiments conducted to evaluate the time and method of application of the fungus to control A. craccivora using different spore formulations revealed that carrier materials like diatomaceous earth, charcoal powder, semi dry cadaver and leaf mold were effective in controlling aphids. Fpallidoroseum spores applied by spraying as well as braodcasting were equally effective when applied at six weeks after planting as a curative control measure which could exert cent per cent control of the pest. Prophylactic application of the fungal spores on cowpea plants prior to aphid infestation was not at all effective in controlling the pest. Negligible reinfestation in Fusarium treated plants reflected the capability of the fungal spores to survive in the cadaver of the host insect. Management of pea aphid using Fpallidoroseum was found to significantly increase the yeild of cowpea by 17 to 37 per cent. F pallidoroseum was found to be nonpathoenic to the crop plants like Amaranthus sp., Ananas comosus, Moringa ol ifer a, Morus albus, Musa paradasiaca, Passiflora edulis, and Sesamum indicum which have been reported to be diseased by another strain of Fpallidoroseum (plant pathogenic). Epallidoroseum was found to be noninfectious to the common predators of A. craccivora viz. the coccinellids, Menochiles sexmaculata, Coccinella septumpunctata, and Micraspis crocea; syrphids, Ischiodon scutellare and Is c h io do n sp., hemerobid; dragon flies; spiders like Par a d o s a pseudoannulata, Tetragnatha maxillosa and Oxyopus sp. Besides it was found to be safe to the stingless bee Trigona iridipennis and the common pollinators like Bombus sp., Camponotus sp., Syrphus sp. and Xylocopa sp. 4 The fungal spores at a concentration of 7 x 107 sporeslml was found to be nonpathogenic to New Zealand White rabbits. The spores administered orally, dermally, subcutaneously, intranasally and intravenously did not produce any symptoms of acute or chronic toxicity. The toxin fusaric acid was isolated from seven day old Czapek's liquid culture of the fungus. The toxin yield was at the rate of 112.7 mg litre ". It caused death of A. craccivora at 500 and 1000 ppm with a mortality rate of 46 and 100 per cent respectively at the end of 72 h after treatment. The speed of action of fusaric acid was found to be slow when compared to the entomopathogen Fpallidoroseum. The mortality of aphids treated with F pallidoroseum might be not only due to the properties of fusaric acid but also due to the action of some other toxins as well as the biological activity of the fungus. | |
| 700 | |a Susamma Mathai (Guide) | ||
| 942 | |2 ddc |c TH | ||
| 999 | |c 26777 |d 26777 | ||
| 952 | |0 0 |1 0 |2 ddc |4 0 |6 632_600000000000000_REJPR |7 0 |9 34781 |a KAUCLV |b KAUCLV |c THESES |d 2014-03-18 |o 632.6 REJ/PR |p 171836 |r 2014-03-18 |w 2014-03-18 |y TH | ||