Bioecology and Integrated Management of Banana Pseudostem weevil Odoiporus Longicollis Oliv

A study on bioecology and integrated management of banana pseudostem weevil Odoiporus longicollis Oliv. Was carried out by various laboratory and field experiments at the Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram during 1996-2000. The survey in th...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Anitha N
Other Authors: Madhavan Nair G (Guide)
Format: Ph.D Thesis
Language:Undetermined
Published: Vellayani Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture 2000
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245 |a Bioecology and Integrated Management of Banana Pseudostem weevil Odoiporus Longicollis Oliv 
260 |a Vellayani  |b Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture  |c 2000 
502 |b PhD  
520 3 |a A study on bioecology and integrated management of banana pseudostem weevil Odoiporus longicollis Oliv. Was carried out by various laboratory and field experiments at the Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram during 1996-2000. The survey in the southern districts of Kerala revealed that Nendran was the most susceptible clone to the pest whereas, Robusta and Njalipoovan the least susceptible ones. The incidence of the weevil was more in homesteads. The farmer’s practice like wrapping the pseudostem with dried leaves, leaving the pseudostem of the harvested plants in the field and lack of field sanitation lead to higher infestation of the weevil. Biology of the weevil in popular banana clones proved that Nendran and Red banana were the most suitable and Njalipoovan and Robbusta least suitable for completing the life cycle. The adults exhibited sexual dimorphism. The rostral surface was rough in males whereas it was smooth in females. The pre-ovipostion period was the longest in Njalipoovan and Robusta while it was the shortest in Poovan. Females laid eggs singly into the air chambers of the pseudostem. Significantly higher number of eggs were laid in Karpooravally and Nendran. The egg period was longer in Njalipoovan and Robusta. Irrespective of the clones, the newly emerged grubs showed a tendency to feed on other eggs of the weevil. In general, the mean length and width of larvae from Red banana, Poovan, Nendran, Karpooravally and Palayankodan were higher as compared to those reared from Robusta and Njalipoovan. The egg to adult duration was shorter in Nendran and Red banana as compared to Njalipoovan. Life able studies revealed that the values of net reproductive rate and innate capacity for increase were low in Njalipoovan and high in Nendran. The data on the age specific survival and natality indicated that, Nendran and Poovan were better suited for the population development of the insect. The first visible symptom of attack by the weevil was gummy exudation from the ovipositional punctures on the pseudostem. Grubs were found more injurious and they fed on the internal tissues of the plant. During the course of feeding, holes were visible on the pseudostem. Severely infested plants toppled by breaking of the pseudostem. Six to eight month after planting was the most congenial stage of the plant for infestation and multiplication of the weevil. Studies on feeding preference indicated that poovan and Nedran were the most preferred and Robusta the least preferred clones. Decaying pseudostem was the best attractant whereas marotti oil and lemon grass oil were found as the best repellents under laboratory conditions. Grubs infected with Metarhizium anisopliae showed sluggish movement, reduced feeding and after death, the body of the insect was entirely covered by white mycelial mat and later the colour changed to green due to the sporulation of the fungus. On seventh day after treatment, 98.67 per cent mortality was recorded for a spore load of 10 x 105 spores ml-1 in early instar grubs and 97.33 per cent mortality in late instar grubs for a spore load of 15 x 105 spores ml-1. As a prophylactic measure, smearing the pseudostem with mud slurry containing chlorpyriphos, carbryl or neem oil at five month after planting gave protection from infestation of the pest. In the curative treatments, leaf axil application of chlorpyriphos (0.05%) and M. anisopliae (15 x 105 spores ml-1 ) were found effective. Two fungal pathogens (Fusarium solani, Mucor heimalis f. heimalis), one bacterial pathogen (unidentified) and two species of mites (Uropodina) were recorded from the field populations of 0. longicollis. Based on the results of the present investigations, the following integrated measures are recommended for the management of the pest. • Remove dried leaves and leaf sheaths regularly from the plants • Place decaying pseudostem in the field, collect and destroy the weevils regularly • Apply mud slurry mixed with neem oil 5 per cent on the pseudostem five month after planting in heavily infested areas to prevent oviposition • Closely monitor the plants for the detection of oviposition punctures • Apply M. anisopliae spore suspension (15 x 105 spores ml-1) as leaf axil filling @ liter/plant as soon as the oviposition punctures were noticed on the pseudostem. • Apply chlorpyriphos 0.05% as leaf axil filling @ 1 liter/plant two weeks after the application of M. anisopliae • Remove pseudostem from the field immediately after harvest, cut them into small pices and dry in the sun or bury in the soil • Adopt clean cultivation and field sanitation Further studies have to be carried out on biological control with emphasis on the use of pathogens as well as the use of pheromones for the management of the pest.  
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