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Traits for salinity tolerance, non-lodging and high yield of rice in kaipad soil of kerala
The present investigation of ‘Trait(s) for salinity tolerance, non-lodging and high yield of rice in Kaipad soil of Kerala’ was conducted in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Padannakkad, Kerala Agricultural University during 2015. Two field trials were laid out...
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| Format: | Ph.D Thesis |
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Padannakkad
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics,College of Agriculture
2016
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| Subjects: |
| LEADER | 07231nam a2200169 4500 | ||
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| 082 | |a 630.28 |b SOW/TR | ||
| 100 | |a Sowmya N R | ||
| 245 | |a Traits for salinity tolerance, non-lodging and high yield of rice in kaipad soil of kerala | ||
| 260 | |a Padannakkad |b Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics,College of Agriculture |c 2016 | ||
| 300 | |a 169 pages | ||
| 502 | |a MSc | ||
| 520 | |a The present investigation of ‘Trait(s) for salinity tolerance, non-lodging and high yield of rice in Kaipad soil of Kerala’ was conducted in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Padannakkad, Kerala Agricultural University during 2015. Two field trials were laid out during Kharif season of 2015 in the naturally organic saline Kaipad rice tract in Ezhome Grama Panchayath of Kannur district, Kerala and one field trial in the same season in the non saline wetland of Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Pilicode of Kerala Agricultural University in a randomized block design with two replications. The investigation was conducted for identification of most correlated morphological, physiological and biochemical trait(s) associated with salinity tolerance, high yield and non-lodging in saline Kaipad soil. The materials comprised of 18 rice genotypes which includes, 16 saline tolerant genotypes and two saline susceptible genotypes. Observations were taken on plant height, number of tillers, survival per cent, specific leaf area, relative water content, stomatal conductance and resistance, SCMR, root length, root volume, biomass, root shoot ratio; proline, calcium, sodium, chloride, potassium and sulphate content in leaf, shoot and root, root CEC characteristics at both seedling and flowering stages; number of internodes and uppermost internodal length characteristics at flowering stage and number of productive tillers per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, number of spikelets per panicle, seed setting per cent, sterility per cent, length of panicle, 1000 grain weight, grain yield per plot, straw yield per plot, lodging/non-lodging, orientation of flag leaf and duration of crop at harvesting. Soil analysis for low and high saline Kaipad tracts was separately carried out for 12 months. The data on plant observations were subjected to statistical analyses of variance, correlation and path co-efficient. Soil analyses showed that high saline Kaipad tract is with the soil properties of pH (3.6-4.7), EC (11.34-16.03), CEC (11.67-13.7), exchangeable cations (2.89), ESP (5.6-7.8), SAR (14.6), chloride (2.3-3.7 mg/kg soil) and sulphate (0.226 mg/kg soil) and low saline Kaipad tract with soil properties of pH (4.37-5.86), EC (2.46-5.846), CEC (12.3-16.6), exchangeable cations (2.66), ESP ABSTRACT (3.7-5.2), SAR (13.2), chloride (1.21-1.92 mg/kg soil) and sulphate (0.245 mg/kg soil). The analysis of variance of plant characteristics showed significant difference between varieties in all three soil conditions for most of the characteristics. Thus shows the high variability existing between selected genotypes. There was significant genotype environment interaction effect for most of the characteristics indicating that the performance of genotypes vary with heterogeneous saline soil conditions of Kaipad. In high-saline organic Kaipad, the highest grain yield was recorded for the genotypes ‘JO-532-1’ (‘Ezhome-4) followed by ‘JO-583’, ‘Nona Bokra’, ‘Ezhome-1’, ‘Ezhome-3’, ‘Ezhome-2’ and ‘Cherivirippu’. In low-saline organic Kaipad, the highest grain yield was exhibited by the genotypes ‘Orkayama’ followed by ‘JK-59’, ‘Vytilla-6’, ‘Nona Bokra’, ‘Ezhome-2’, ‘JO-583’, ‘JO-532-1’ (‘Ezhome-4’), ‘Pokkali’ and ‘Ezhome-1’. In non-saline wetland under organic management, the highest grain yield was recorded for the genotypes ‘Ezhome-2’, ‘Ezhome-3’ and ‘JK-15’ followed by ‘Vytilla-6’ and ‘Vytilla-1’. The non-lodging genotypes ‘JO-583’, ‘Ezhome-3’ and ‘Ezhome-2’ showed significantly higher yield in saline and non saline conditions indicating the reliability of these genotypes in changing soil stress conditions and also presence of structural gene(s) for yield trait. At the same time the genotype ‘JO-532-1’ (‘Ezhome-4’) recorded significantly higher yield in saline acidic soil but poor yield in non-saline wetland pointing out the fact that these genotypes require stress signal to induce higher yield. Further, the genotypes ‘Orkayama’ and ‘JK-59’ showed significantly higher yield only in low-saline but poor yield in both high-saline and non-saline rice tracts, may be these genotypes are tolerant to low salinity and require low salinity signal for yield induction but less tolerant to high salinity. In high saline Kaipad soil the tolerant variety, ‘FL 478’ of IRRI showed susceptibility towards reproductive stage. ‘Jyothi’ (red rice) is more susceptible to acidic saline Kaipad soil than international saline susceptible variety ‘IR 29’(white rice). Vytilla -1, Vytilla-6, and FL478 which are saline tolerant varieties developed based on ‘Pokkali’ genotype are comparatively susceptible to acidic Kaipad soil. Salinity tolerance mechanism in ‘Orkayama’ may be different from the other saline tolerant genotypes. The traits for tolerance to salinity as well as for higher yield in saline Kaipad soil are root volume, leaf calcium, leaf potassium ,leaf proline, root CEC, number of tillers and survival per cent respectively at seedling and flowering stages; SCMR at seedling stage and seed setting per cent, leaf Na / K ratio and uppermost internodal length at flowering stage. The traits identified for non-lodging are biomass, plant height, root length and root volume. The probable salinity tolerance mechanism, involving morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters, of 16 saline tolerant genotypes used in the study is appraised. In rice, generally the characteristics such as number of productive tillers per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, and 1000 grain weight are important yield component characteristics. But in saline condition we should go for an optimal level of the above mentioned characteristics for yield enhancement. Based on variation, correlation and path analyses studies, the saline tolerant genotypes which can be selected as parents for future breeding programmes for development of high yielding saline tolerant rice varieties are ‘Pokkali’, ‘Nona Bokra’ (international saline tolerant varieties), ‘Cherivirippu’(traditional genotype of Pokkali), ‘Ezhome-3’, ‘Ezhome-4’(released varieties of Kaipad tract), ‘JK59’, ‘JK15’ (pre released Kaipad cultures) ‘Chettivirippu’ (traditional genotype of Pokkali), ‘JO583’ (pre released Kaipad culture),’Kuthiru’ (traditional land race of Kaipad tract), ‘Ezhome-1’, and ‘Ezhome-2’ (released varieties of Kaipad tract). | ||
| 650 | |a Plant Breeding and Genetics | ||
| 700 | |a Vanaja T (Guide) | ||
| 942 | |2 ddc |c TH | ||
| 999 | |c 155173 |d 155173 | ||
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