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Potential of fortified spent mushroom substrate for the management of soil borne diseases of tomato
Mushrooms are produced on natural materials taken from agricultural waste. SMS is the substrate left after harvesting of mushroom fruit bodies. SMS contains a diverse range of soil microorganisms. This is proven by its disease suppressing properties and its effectiveness in bioremediation. Additions...
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| Médium: | Ph.D Thesis |
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Vellanikkara
Department of plant pathology, College of horticulture
2015
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| Shrnutí: | Mushrooms are produced on natural materials taken from agricultural waste.
SMS is the substrate left after harvesting of mushroom fruit bodies. SMS contains a
diverse range of soil microorganisms. This is proven by its disease suppressing
properties and its effectiveness in bioremediation. Additions of microorganisms to
soil ultimately enhance and accelerate regular soil process such as nutrient
mobilization. Among the beneficial uses of SMS the disease controlling property is
quite interesting.
Tomato is one of the most widely used vegetable. The bacterial wilt and
damping off are the two serious soil borne diseases of this crop. The management of
diseases using chemicals is not safer to environment due to residual problem.
Increasing concern regarding food safety and environmental pollution has generated
an interest in eco friendly practices like soil amendment and application of biocontrol
agents to manage the plant diseases. Under these circumstances this study was taken
up to assess nutritional and disease management aspects of fortified SMS in tomato
The antagonists used for this study like Trichoderma hamatum, T. viride and
Bacillus subtilis are the isolates from SMS obtained from the previous studies
conducted in the Department of Plant Pathology along with reference cultures of
Kerala Agricultural University viz. T. viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens. They
were evaluated against major soil borne fungal pathogens like Pythium
aphanidermatum, Phytophthora palmivora, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani
and Sclerotium rolfsii and bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum of tomato.
The in vitro evaluation showed that T. hamatum was the best among three
fungal antagonists. While in case of bacteria P. fluorescens was the best. A microbial
consortium of these two organisms was also prepared.
The selected best antagonists and consortium were applied to SMS @ 300 ml
per kg and kept for biosoftening for 60 days. The fortified SMS with P. fluorescens
softened the SMS to a certain level. The primary nutrients like N, P, K, secondary
nutrient Ca and micro nutrient Cu were found to be decreased as the time increases.
In the pot culture experiment for the management of damping off, the
treatment SMS fortified with consortium gave maximum per cent inhibition against
the disease. In the management of bacterial wilt also SMS fortified with consortium
found to be best in disease suppression as well as plant growth promotion.
All the treatments with SMS were found to posses disease management
property and enhance the plant growth. From this study it is clear that fortified SMS
paves a new way in disease management. For confirmative result, elaborative field
study has to be conducted and the quality of SMS has to be worked out. |
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| Fyzický popis: | 110 Pages |