Jahangir

Nur al-Din Muhammad Salim (31 August 1569 – 28 October 1627), known by his royal name Jahangir,; ),}} was the fourth emperor of the Mughal Empire, reigning from 1605 until his death in 1627.

The third and only surviving son of Emperor Akbar I () and his consort Maryam uz-Zamani, Jahangir received comprehensive education, covering diverse subjects such as the Chagatai, Persian and Hindustani languages, military tactics, as well as social sciences. In 1594, at the age of 26, Jahangir successfully led an army to crush the revolt of the Bundela in Orchha and, upon the surrender of their leader Vir Singh Deo, transformed the State of Orchha into a vassal state. As such, the Jahangir Mahal was later constructed in Orchha by Deo in honor of Jahangir. Following Akbar's death, Jahangir succeeded him on 3 November 1605.

Jahangir's reign was marked by a combination of artistic achievement and political intrigue, set against the backdrop of the Mughal Empire's considerable expansion and consolidation. Jahangir's rule is distinguished by his commitment to justice and his interest in the arts, particularly painting and architecture, which flourished during his reign. Jahangir's reign was characterized by a complex relationship with his nobility and family, notably reflected in his marriage to Mehar-un-Nisa (later known as Empress Nur Jahan), who wielded significant political influence behind the throne. This period saw the empire's further entrenchment into the Indian subcontinent, including efforts to subdue the Rajput Kingdoms and extend Mughal authority into the Deccan. Jahangir's foreign policy included interactions with the Safavids of Persia and the Ottoman Empire, as well as with the English East India Company, marking the beginning of European influence in Indian politics and commerce.

Despite his achievements, Jahangir's reign had challenges, including revolts led by his sons, which threatened the stability of his rule. His poor health, caused by a lifetime of opium and alcohol use, led to his death in 1627, precipitating a brief succession crisis before the throne passed to his son, Shah Jahan. Jahangir's legacy lives on through his contributions to Mughal art and architecture, his memoirs, and the policies he implemented, which continued to influence the empire after his demise. Provided by Wikipedia